Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) is caused by the consumption of brevetoxins, which are marine toxins produced by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (among several others). These toxins can produce a series of gastrointestinal and neurological effects. Outbreaks of NSP commonly take place following harmful … See more Humans are typically exposed to these potent natural toxins via filter-feeding mollusks (i.e., shellfish), because shellfish accumulate biotoxins in their flesh due to the way that they feed. Human exposure seems to be most … See more Diagnosis of NSP is made based on clinical presentation as well as history findings including recent consumption of shellfish. On average, symptoms begin 3-4 hours after … See more • Amnesic shellfish poisoning • Diarrheal shellfish poisoning • Paralytic shellfish poisoning See more Brevetoxins are a group of greater than ten lipid-soluble cyclic polyethers that bind to a specific site on the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), leading to an influx of sodium … See more Treatment for NSP is mostly supportive with monitoring and symptom management. Intravenous fluids and observation of respiratory function are the mainstay of treatment along with pain control. Activated charcoal can be given if the patient presents … See more WebSome puffer fish (and certain other aquatic and terrestrial animals) carry tetrodotoxin, an extremely potent inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels on neurons; nonetheless, …

Mercury U.S. Geological Survey

WebTetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin that occurs in select species of the family Tetraodontidae (puffer fish). It causes paralysis and potentially death if ingested in sufficient quantities. In 2007, two individuals developed symptoms consistent with tetrodotoxin poisoning after ingesting home-cooked puffer fish purchased in Chicago. WebNonproteolytic C. botulinum is a psychrotroph, with growth and neurotoxin formation reported at 3.0°C but not at 2.5°C. Spores formed by nonproteolytic C. botulinum are of moderate heat resistance. The foods most commonly involved in outbreaks are fermented marine products, dried fish, and vacuum-packed fish. ray-tec heaters

Ciguatera Toxicity - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

WebAug 9, 2016 · Puffer fish contain the potent neurotoxin tetrodotoxin. TTX is thought to be synthesized by a bacterial or dinoflagellate species associated with the puffer fish. [9, 8] The toxin is concentrated in the … WebMar 1, 2024 · Mercury is a potent neurotoxin that can accumulate in fish to levels of concern for human health and the health of fish-eating wildlife. Mercury contamination of … WebParalytic shellfish poisoning. Paralytic shellfish poisoning ( PSP) is one of the four recognized syndromes of shellfish poisoning, which share some common features and are primarily associated with bivalve mollusks (such as mussels, clams, oysters and scallops ). These shellfish are filter feeders and accumulate neurotoxins, chiefly saxitoxin ... raytech engineering